2020年全国Ⅲ卷
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence (13 days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best- preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile roofed (瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain (15 days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent (芳香) of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China's Sacred Landscapes (21 days)
Discover the China of“past ages," its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights (精彩之处) include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia (17 days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
21. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.C. Van Gogh's paintings. D. Greek buildings
22. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about?
A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia.
23. Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour?
A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.
答案解析：
21. A. Historical monuments.
解析：从Classical Provence部分的描述中，我们可以看到“some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world”，说明有历史遗迹。在Southern Spain部分，描述中提到了“a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs”，同样提到了历史遗迹。因此，游客在Classical Provence和Southern Spain都可以看到历史遗迹。
22. C. China.
解析：根据China's Sacred Landscapes部分的描述，“Discover the China of‘past ages’”表明Prof. Robert Thorp对中国非常了解。
23. B. Underground cities.
解析：在Tunisia部分的描述中提到了“unique for underground cities”，突出了突尼斯之旅的特色是地下城市。其他选项如White towns, Tile-roofed villages和Rolling hills分别在Southern Spain, Classical Provence和China's Sacred Landscapes部分被提及，与突尼斯之旅无关。
B
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat- wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind“Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year,. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part I” and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A. To see famous film stars.
B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection.
D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making“Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about“Apes." D. The performance of real apes.
26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A.They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally D. They would lose popularity.
答案解析：
24. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
解析：根据第一段最后一句，“one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: 'Thanks for not using real apes!'”可以推断出，动物保护活动家聚集在好莱坞大道上是为了向没有使用真实猿类的电影制作者表示感谢。
25. B. The creation of digitalized apes.
解析：第二段主要讲述了《人猿星球》的创意团队如何使用动作捕捉技术来创造数字化动物，因此这一段主要谈论的是数字化猿的创造过程。
26. D. Watching carefully.
解析：第三段中提到的非营利组织正在监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇，"keeping tabs on"这个短语在这里的意思是“密切关注”，与选项D "Watching carefully"相符。
27. A. They may be badly treated.
解析：最后一段提到，引起活动家担忧的不仅仅是拍摄现场动物的待遇，还有场外训练和生活条件，这表明动物演员可能会遭到不好的对待。选项A "They may be badly treated"与这一推断相符。其他选项没有在文中得到直接或间接的支持。
C
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.
"And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.
"It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world, where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn. D. The daughters.
29. What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
30. What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B. financial reports.
C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries.
B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain.
D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
答案解析：
28. B. Rita.
解析：根据第三段中的描述，“Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可以得知，Rita主要使用布里斯托尔维多利亚式房子的底层。
29. A. Positive.
解析：从第五段中Nick的话，“And what does Nick think? 'From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.'”可以看出，Nick对于与岳母共享房屋持积极态度。
30. C. Published statistics.
解析：第六段中提到，“It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.”这表明，作者关于多代家庭的说法是基于已发布的统计数据。
31. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
解析：整篇文章都在讨论多代同堂在英国的上升趋势，包括不同家庭如何选择共同生活以及这种生活方式的增长情况。因此，文章主要是关于英国生活方式的上升趋势。选项D "A rising trend of living in the UK"最符合文章的主旨。
D
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a university of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders' Survival Skills
C. basic Methods of Genetic Research
D. The World's Best Divers
答案解析：
32. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
解析：第一段通过举例说明，人类不仅是在数十亿年前的进化产物，科学家们在我们的基因中发现了过去几千年人类进化的例子。这些例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的新知识。
33. D. Off the coast.
解析：第二段中提到，“in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.”这表明Bajau人在沿海水域的支柱上建造房屋，即沿海地区。
34. C. They could stay long underwater.
解析：第三段中Dr. Jubilado提到，“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders...”这表明Jubilado对Bajau人能在水下停留更长时间感到惊讶。
35. A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
解析：整篇文章讲述了Bajau人如何通过进化适应海洋生活，包括他们能够在水下停留更长时间的身体特征。因此，"Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea"是一个合适的标题，它概括了文章的主要内容。其他选项要么太具体，要么没有涵盖文章的中心主题。
