2019年全国1卷
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth.
B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
答案解析：
21.B 根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company为创业的学生提供实践商业培训和最高3000美元的奖励。因此，B选项“它为经营新企业提供奖励”与原文信息相符。
22.D 根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求申请者在雇佣时年龄为16或17岁，但在今年12月31日之前不会满18岁。因此，D选项“16-17”与原文信息相符。
23.D 根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities项目对15岁或以上的学生开放，某些职位要求学生年龄在15至24岁之间，或者对于残疾人士可放宽至29岁。因此，D选项“Summer Employment Opportunities”与原文信息相符，表明该项目对残疾人士有优待。
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
24. What made Chris nervous?
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27 Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
答案解析：
24. B 根据第二段第一句“But he’s nervous.”和第二句“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”可知，Chris在演讲时感到紧张。因此，B选项“做演讲”是让Chris感到紧张的原因。
25. A 根据第二段中的“Chris trips on the ‘-ld,’ a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.”可知，Chris在发音上遇到了困难。下文中的“stumbles”与“trips”意思相近，都是指在演讲中的停顿或绊倒，这里指的是不恰当的停顿。因此，A选项“不适当的停顿”是“stumbles”所指的内容。
26. A 根据最后一段中的“He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”和“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities…is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，Whaley的项目目的是让学生们学会夸耀自己，看到自己的优点。因此，A选项“帮助学生看到他们自己的优点”是Whaley项目目的的推断。
27. C 根据文章中Whaley在Chris演讲时的行为(“Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”)和Whaley对学生的期望(“He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”)可知，Whaley是一个关心学生的老师。因此，C选项“关心的”最能描述Whaley作为老师的特点。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys.
B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system.
D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly.
B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
答案解析：
28. D 解析：根据第二段第一句“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”和第二句“This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.”可知，目前生物测量技术仍然昂贵，而这款智能键盘能够精确测量打字的节奏和手指对每个键的压力，从而提供一层强大的安全保护。因此，研究人员开发智能键盘的目的是为了降低电子空间保护的成本。故选D。
29. C 解析：根据第三段最后两句“These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities...”可知，每个人的打字模式都是独特的，这使得智能键盘能够确定使用者的身份。因此，智能键盘的发明之所以可能，是因为打字模式因人而异。故选C。
30. B 解析：根据最后一段最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，研究团队希望智能键盘能在不久的将来上市。这表明研究人员期望智能键盘很快就能到达消费者手中。故选B。
31. D 解析：根据文章的内容和风格，这是一篇关于新技术的介绍性文章，很可能是从科技杂志或类似出版物中摘录的。因此，最有可能的来源是杂志。故选D。
D
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
答案解析：
32. C 根据第一段中的“I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，作者在小学早期喜欢分享她的玩具和笑话，这让她保持了高社会地位。因此，作者在小学早期是一个慷慨的女孩。故选C。
33. A 第二段主要讲述了Mitch Prinstein教授将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的和追求地位的人。这是对受欢迎的人进行分类，因此第二段主要关于受欢迎的人的分类。故选A。
34. B 根据第四段中的“the most liked...are ‘most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior.’”和第五段中的“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”可知，最受欢迎的孩子随着时间的推移变得更加适应健康，而地位高的孩子则相反。因此，Dr. Prinstein的研究发现最受欢迎的孩子似乎更适应。故选B。
35. A 整篇文章讲述了讨人喜欢(likability)和地位(status)对孩子成长的不同影响，指出讨人喜欢与积极的生活结果相关，并且也是这些结果的原因。文章标题应该能够概括这一主题，"Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last"(友善一点——你不会最后一名)最能体现文章的中心思想，即友善和受欢迎的品质对个人的长远发展是有益的。故选A。
