高考英语阅读理解真题含答案解析（2019-2021）

2019年全国1卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Need a Job This Summer?

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).

Summer Company

Summer company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.

Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.

Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

21. What is special about Summer Company?

A. It requires no training before employment.

B. It provides awards for running new businesses.

C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.

D. It offers more summer job opportunities.

22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?

A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.

23. Which program favors the disabled?

A. Jobs for Youth.

B. Summer Company.

C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.

D. Summer Employment Opportunities.

答案解析：

21.B 根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company为创业的学生提供实践商业培训和最高3000美元的奖励。因此，B选项“它为经营新企业提供奖励”与原文信息相符。

22.D 根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求申请者在雇佣时年龄为16或17岁，但在今年12月31日之前不会满18岁。因此，D选项“16-17”与原文信息相符。

23.D 根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities项目对15岁或以上的学生开放，某些职位要求学生年龄在15至24岁之间，或者对于残疾人士可放宽至29岁。因此，D选项“Summer Employment Opportunities”与原文信息相符，表明该项目对残疾人士有优待。

For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.

Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”

Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.

“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”

24. What made Chris nervous?

A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.

C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.

25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.

C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.

26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.

A help students see their own strengths

B. assess students’ public speaking skills

C. prepare students for their future jobs

D. inspire students’ love for politics

27 Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?

A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.

答案解析：

24. B 根据第二段第一句“But he’s nervous.”和第二句“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”可知，Chris在演讲时感到紧张。因此，B选项“做演讲”是让Chris感到紧张的原因。

25. A 根据第二段中的“Chris trips on the ‘-ld,’ a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.”可知，Chris在发音上遇到了困难。下文中的“stumbles”与“trips”意思相近，都是指在演讲中的停顿或绊倒，这里指的是不恰当的停顿。因此，A选项“不适当的停顿”是“stumbles”所指的内容。

26. A 根据最后一段中的“He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”和“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities…is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，Whaley的项目目的是让学生们学会夸耀自己，看到自己的优点。因此，A选项“帮助学生看到他们自己的优点”是Whaley项目目的的推断。

27. C 根据文章中Whaley在Chris演讲时的行为(“Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”)和Whaley对学生的期望(“He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”)可知，Whaley是一个关心学生的老师。因此，C选项“关心的”最能描述Whaley作为老师的特点。

As data and identity theft becomes more and more common the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?

A. To reduce pressure on keys.

B. To improve accuracy in typing.

C. To replace the password system.

D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.

29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?

A. Computers are much easier to operate.

B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.

C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.

D. Data security measures are guaranteed.

30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?

A. It’ll be environment-friendly.

B. It’ll reach consumers soon.

C. It’ll be made of plastics.

D. It’ll help speed up typing.

31. Where is this text most likely from?

A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.

答案解析：

28. D 解析：根据第二段第一句“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”和第二句“This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.”可知，目前生物测量技术仍然昂贵，而这款智能键盘能够精确测量打字的节奏和手指对每个键的压力，从而提供一层强大的安全保护。因此，研究人员开发智能键盘的目的是为了降低电子空间保护的成本。故选D。

29. C 解析：根据第三段最后两句“These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities...”可知，每个人的打字模式都是独特的，这使得智能键盘能够确定使用者的身份。因此，智能键盘的发明之所以可能，是因为打字模式因人而异。故选C。

30. B 解析：根据最后一段最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，研究团队希望智能键盘能在不久的将来上市。这表明研究人员期望智能键盘很快就能到达消费者手中。故选B。

31. D 解析：根据文章的内容和风格，这是一篇关于新技术的介绍性文章，很可能是从科技杂志或类似出版物中摘录的。因此，最有可能的来源是杂志。故选D。

During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.

32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.

33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The classification of the popular.

B. The characteristics of adolescents.

C. The importance of interpersonal skills.

D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.

34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?

A. They appeared to be aggressive.

B. They tended to be more adaptable.

C. They enjoyed the highest status.

D. They performed well academically.

35. What is the best title for the text?

A Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last

B. The Higher the Status, the Better

C. Be the Best—You Can Make It

D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness

答案解析：

32. C 根据第一段中的“I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，作者在小学早期喜欢分享她的玩具和笑话，这让她保持了高社会地位。因此，作者在小学早期是一个慷慨的女孩。故选C。

33. A 第二段主要讲述了Mitch Prinstein教授将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的和追求地位的人。这是对受欢迎的人进行分类，因此第二段主要关于受欢迎的人的分类。故选A。

34. B 根据第四段中的“the most liked...are ‘most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior.’”和第五段中的“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”可知，最受欢迎的孩子随着时间的推移变得更加适应健康，而地位高的孩子则相反。因此，Dr. Prinstein的研究发现最受欢迎的孩子似乎更适应。故选B。

35. A 整篇文章讲述了讨人喜欢(likability)和地位(status)对孩子成长的不同影响，指出讨人喜欢与积极的生活结果相关，并且也是这些结果的原因。文章标题应该能够概括这一主题，"Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last"(友善一点——你不会最后一名)最能体现文章的中心思想，即友善和受欢迎的品质对个人的长远发展是有益的。故选A。

2019年全国2卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

My Favourite Books

Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This book Willseries(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.

Matilda

Roald Dahl

I once wrote a paper on theinfluence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a newappreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with hercruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumyand frightening，but they're also aspirational.

After Dark

Haruki Murakami

It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t orcan’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to hersister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people”who are hiding secrets.

Gone Girl

Gillian Fynn

There was a bit of me that didn't wantto love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story isbrilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battlefor your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what'sgoing on is horribly enjoyable

The Stand

Stephen King

This is an excellent fantasy novel fromone of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil amongthose let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.

21. Who does "I" refer to inthe text?

A. Stephen King.

B. Gillian Flynn.

C. Jo Usmar.

D. Roald Dahl

22. Which of the following tells aboutMari and Eri?

A. Cosmopolitan.

B. Matilda.

C. After Dark.

D. The Stand.

23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)

A.A folk tale.

B.A biography.

C.A love story.

D.A horror story.

答案解析：

21. C。根据文章第一段，"I"指的是文章的作者，也就是Jo Usmar，因为她在介绍自己喜欢的书籍。

22. C。根据文章第二段，"After Dark"是关于Mari和Eri这两个姐妹的故事。

23. D。根据文章第三段，"Gone Girl"是一个恐怖故事，描述了Nick和Amy之间的紧张和焦虑。

“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from aparent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.

I guess that there's probably somedemanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknownsport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about thedad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwillingparent speaks up,“Alright.Yes, I’ll do it.”

I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s realpower in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parentorganizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money forend-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becomingan invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids whilethe other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handingout sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your ownkid score a goal.

Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh ofrelief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deepunderstanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting tothe community(社区)as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.

In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is moreof a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit inthe process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where mymotivation lies?

24.What can we infer about the parentfrom her reply in paragraph l?

A. She knows little about the club.

B. She isn't good at sports.

C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.

D. She's unable to meet her schedule.

25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?

A. encourage team work .

B. Appeal to feeling.

C. promote good deeds.

D. provide advice.

26. What can we learn about the parent fromparagraph 3 ?

A. She gets interested in lacrosse.

B. She is proud of her kids.

C. She’ll work for another season.

D. She becomes a good helper.

27. Why does the author likedoing volunteer work?

A. It gives her a sense of duty.

B. It makes her very happy.

C. It enables her to work hard.

D. It brings her material rewards.

答案解析：

24. C。从第一段家长的回复中，我们可以推断出她并不愿意自愿参加。她说“你可以把我当作最后的选择，如果没有人自愿，那么我会做这件事。”这表明她是在没有其他选择的情况下才愿意参与的。

25. B。第二段中划线的短语“tug at the heartstrings”意味着“触动心弦”，即通过提及单亲家长和无私的爸爸来激发情感，促使那位不愿意的家长改变主意。

26. D。从第三段中我们可以了解到，这位家长最终成为了团队中不可或缺的一员，她组织餐饮安排、发送邮件、收集资金购买赛季末的礼物，这些都显示了她成为了好的帮手。

27. B。根据最后一段，作者认为志愿服务能带来真正的快乐，她确信志愿服务是一种自私的行为，因为做志愿者感觉很好。

Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans,she’s not alone.

A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. Morethan half(53 percent)have breakfast alone andnearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according tostatistics from the report.

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know?”Bechtel said，looking up fromher book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch withcoworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works throughlunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tappingher on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wantedsome time to myself，”she said.

just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a localvideographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sitand check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on afirst-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect onhow my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's achance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”

That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. Therewas a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those daysare over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “Itdoesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.

28. What are the statistics in paragraph2 about?

A. Food variety.

B. Eating habits.

C. Table manners.

D. Restaurant service.

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go outfor lunch?

A. To meet with her coworkers.

B. To catch up with her work.

C. To have some time on her own.

D. To collect data for her report.

30. What do we know about Mazoleny?

A. He makes videos for the bar.

B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.

C. He interviews customers at the bar.

D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. The trend of having meals alone.

B. The importance of self-reflection.

C. The stress from working overtime.

D. The advantage of wireless technology.

答案解析：

28. B。第二段中的统计数据是关于饮食习惯的。数据显示，在美国有46%的饭局是独自进餐的，超过一半的人在独自吃早餐和午餐，只有晚餐时大多数人才会一起吃饭。

29. C。根据第三段，Bechtel喜欢出去独自午餐，因为这让她可以远离老板的打扰，并且她想要一些属于自己的时间。

30. D。从第四段中我们可以了解到，Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，他们是按名字称呼的，这说明他与酒吧服务员很熟悉。

31. A。整篇文章主要讲述的是越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的趋势，包括统计数据、人们的观点和科技对此现象的影响。

Bacteria are anannoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) fromour bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcomingthis very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. Butnot just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the onescience teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High Schoolin Fairport, New York.

HUNCH isdesigned to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the pasttwo years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zerogravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “Wedon’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASAengineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.

“There are notests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades,other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers comeand really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a verynice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”

Gordon says theHUNCH program has an impact(影响) oncollege admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed intheir studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about theproblem, readying a workable solution to test in space.

32.Whatdo we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?

A. They are hardto get rid of.

B.They lead to air pollution.

C. They appeardifferent forms.

D.They damage the instruments.

33. Whatis the purpose of the HUNCH program?

A. To strengthenteacher-student relationships.

B. Tosharpen students’ communication skills.

C. To allowstudents to experience zero gravity.

D.To link space technology with school education

34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?

A. check theirproduct.

B.Guide project designs

C. Adjust workschedules.

D. Grade their homework.

35. Whatis the best title for the text?

A. NASA: TheHome of Astronauts.

B. Space: TheFinal Homework Frontier.

C. Nature: AnOutdoor Classroom.

D. HUNCH:ACollege admission Reform.

答案解析：

32. A。根据第一段，细菌在国际空间站表面无法控制地生长，宇航员每周都要花时间清理它们，这说明细菌很难被摆脱。

33. D。根据第二段，HUNCH项目的目的是将高中的课堂与NASA工程师联系起来，让学生们参与到解决空间站细菌问题的研究中。

34. A。根据第三段，NASA工程师会对学生们一年后的产品进行实地审查，这是一种严格的产品审查。

35. B。整篇文章讲述的是HUNCH项目如何让学生们在高中阶段就参与到解决空间站细菌问题的研究中，并将他们的研究成果作为最终作业呈现给NASA。

2019年全国3卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

Yolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)

The Audience

Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)

On the Twentieth Century

Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)

21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.

A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio.

C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.

22. Who is the director of The Audience?

A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan.

C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.

23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?

A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience.

C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century.

答案解析：

21. 根据文章中关于Animals Out of Paper的描述，提到了一个origami artist(折纸艺术家)，所以这个剧很可能是关于一种艺术形式，即折纸术。因此，选项A是正确的。

22. 在The Audience的介绍中，提到了"Stephen Daldry directs."，说明这部剧是由Stephen Daldry导演的。因此，选项D是正确的。

23. 如果对美国历史感兴趣，应该选择 Hamilton，因为文章中提到这是关于Alexander Hamilton的音乐剧，而且提到了"the birth of America"，这与美国历史相关。因此，选项C是正确的。

2019年(全国3卷)

For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.

"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.

Earlier this year, the China through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.

For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."

24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?

A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.

C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.

25.What does Hill say about Chinese women?

A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.

C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.

26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?

A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against

27.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World

B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York

C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics

D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends

答案解析：

24. 根据文章第三段提到的"The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."，可以得知这个展览吸引了大量参观者。因此，选项B是正确的。

25. 根据文章第三段中Hill的话："Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement."，可以推断出Hill认为中国女性正在引领时尚潮流。因此，选项A是正确的。

26. 在第四段中，"taking on"后面提到了一些西方著名设计师，并且说中国的设计师们在设计和销售上击败了他们，所以"taking on"在这里的意思是“与…竞争”。因此，选项D是正确的。

27. 文章主要讲述了中国文化对国际时尚界的影响，包括中国美学对西方时尚的影响，中国模特和设计师在国际时尚界的地位，以及中国成为时尚市场的重要性。因此，选项D "Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends"是一个合适的标题。

Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?

A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.

29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?

A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.

C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.

30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?

A. local politicians. B. common people.

C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.

31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?

A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.

C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.

答案解析：

28. 根据文章第一段中的描述，"They were dull and visually forbidding."，可以推断出当时的报纸在视觉上并不吸引人，因此选项B "Unattractive"是最佳描述。

29. 文章第三段提到，街头销售使得报纸可以被公众广泛获取，这意味着报纸可能有更多的读者。因此，选项C "They could have more readers."是正确的。

30. 文章第二段提到了"penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public，这意味着新趋势的报纸是针对普通大众的。因此，选项B "Common people."是正确的。

31. 文章最后一段提到，这种新趋势的报纸起初并不顺利，一些早期的企业立即失败了，而且需要一些年轻且大胆的商人来推动这个变化。这说明便士报纸的诞生是一个困难的过程。因此，选项A "It was a difficult process."是正确的。

Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.

Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.

After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.

"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”

32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?

A. They fed them. B. They named them.

C. They trained them. D. They measured them.

33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?

A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.

C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.

34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?

A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.

C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.

35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.

答案解析：

32. 根据文章第二段，"A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols..."，研究人员在测试之前对猴子进行了训练。因此，选项C "They trained them."是正确的。

33. 文章第三段描述了实验过程，"If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded..."，说明猴子通过触摸屏幕来获得奖励。因此，选项B "By touching a screen."是正确的。

34. 文章第四段提到，"After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation..."，这表明猴子能够进行基本的加法运算。因此，选项A "They could perform basic addition."是正确的。

35. 文章讨论的是一项科学实验，涉及动物行为和认知能力的研究，因此最有可能出现在报纸的科学版块。因此，选项D "Science."是正确的。

2020年全国I卷

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property(失物招领)

Call Lost property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.

The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于)at Roma Street station.

Public holidays

On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e.

Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.

Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visittranslink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.

Customers using mobility devices

Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.

For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.

Guardian trains (outbound)

Depart	Origin	Destination	Arrive
6:42pm	Altandi	Varsity Lakes	7:37pm
7:29pm	Central	Varsity Lakes	8:52pm
8:57pm	Fortitude Valley	Varsity Lakes	9:52pm
11:02pm	Roma Street	Varsity Lakes	12:22am

21. What would you do to get ticketinformation?

A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit translink .com.au.

C. Ask at the local station.D. check the train schedule.

22. At which station can you find the lost property office?

A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley.

23. Which train would you take if you go from central to Varsity Lakes?

A.6:42 pm.B.7:29 pm.C.8:57 pm.D.11:02 pm.

答案解析：

21. C. 根据Train Information部分的第二句话"For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30."可知，要获取车票信息，可以在当地车站询问或拨打13 12 30。因此，选项C是正确的。

22. B.根据Lost property部分的第三句话"The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station."可知，失物招领办公室位于罗马街车站。因此，选项B是正确的。

23. B.根据Guardian trains (outbound)部分的第二行信息，从Central出发到Varsity Lakes的火车是7:29 pm发车。因此，选项B是正确的。

Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.

The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.

There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.

While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.

24. Why does the author like rereading?

A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.

B. It’s a window to a whole new world.

C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.

D. It extends the understanding of oneself.

25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas?

A. It’s a brief account of a trip.

B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.

C. It’s a record of a historic event.

D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.

26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.

27. What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor.

C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.

答案解析：

24. D. 根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句话"It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight."以及第三段的内容，作者提到重读的美丽在于与作品的联系基于我们当前的思想状态，这表明重读可以帮助我们更好地理解自己。因此，选项D是正确的。

25. B. 根据第三段中对《A Moveable Feast》的描述，"it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating, an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time."可知，这本书是海明威对20世纪20年代巴黎生活的回忆录，是他在老年时回顾自己年轻时的生活。因此，选项B是正确的。

26. B. 根据上下文，作者提到重读一个作者的作品是读者能支付给他们的最高"currency"，在这里"currency"指的是一种价值或回报，而不是债务、津贴或面值。因此，选项B是正确的。

27. A. 根据第三段提到的作者每年重读的三本书之一是"Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar."可知，作者喜欢诗歌。其他选项没有在文中提及或暗示。因此，选项A是正确的。

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem state university in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. according to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. according to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A. They must run long distances.

B. They are qualified for the marathon.

C. They have to follow special rules.

D. They are good at swinging their legs.

29. What advantage does race walking have over running?

A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.

B. It’s less challenging physically.

C. It’s more effective in body building.

D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A. Getting experts’ opinions.

B. Having a medical checkup.

C. Hiring an experienced coach.

D. Doing regular exercises.

31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A. Skeptical.B. Objective.

C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.

答案解析：

28. C. 根据第二段的内容，尤其是提到了竞走运动员在比赛时必须遵守的规则："a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times."这表明竞走运动员需要遵循特殊的规则。因此，选项C是正确的。

29. D. 根据第四段的内容，尤其是提到了竞走与跑步相比，对身体的冲击较小，而且像跑步者膝这样的伤害在竞走运动员中不常见。因此，选项D是正确的。

30. A. 据最后一段的建议，"anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique"可知，Norberg博士建议想要尝试竞走的人应该首先咨询教练或有经验的运动员来学习正确的技巧。因此，选项A是正确的。

31. B. 整篇文章中，作者提供了关于竞走的利弊的信息，没有表现出偏见或强烈的个人情感，而是以一种客观的方式介绍了竞走这项运动。因此，选项B是正确的。

The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) —such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输) .

Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. A new study of different plants.

B. A big fall in crime rates.

C. Employees from various workplaces.

D. Benefits from green plants.

33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

A. To detect plants’ lack of water

B. To change compositions of plants

C. To make the life of plants longer.

D. To test chemicals in plants.

34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?

A. They will speed up energy production.

B. They may transmit electricity to the home.

C. They might help reduce energy consumption.

D. They could take the place of power plants.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Can we grow more glowing plants?

B. How do we live with glowing plants?

C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?

D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

答案解析：

32. D. 第一段主要讲述了人们与植物之间的关系，并通过两个研究例子来说明绿色植物带来的积极影响，即减少犯罪和提高工作效率。因此，选项D是正确的。

33. A. 根据第二段的内容，MIT的工程师们在植物叶子上打印了传感器，这些传感器可以显示植物何时缺水。因此，选项A是正确的。

34. C. 根据最后两段的内容，发光植物未来可能用于照明，从而减少能源的传输损失，帮助节约能源。因此，选项C是正确的。

35. C. 整篇文章讨论了MIT工程师们如何通过改变植物的组成使其发光，并探讨了这种技术未来可能的应用，如替代路灯。因此，选项C最能概括文章的主要内容，是最佳标题。

2020年全国II卷

The Lake district Attractions Guide

Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens

History, Culture & Landscape(景观). discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.

Open：29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.

Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop：10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).

House：11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct)

Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith

Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum

Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.

Open: Mon to Sat and summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter.

Town：Kendal

Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery

Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!

Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00.

Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30.

Town: Carlisle

Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum

Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.

Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00).

Town: Grasmere

21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?

A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D.12.00—16.30

22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?

A. Enjoy Ronney’s works.

B. Have some interactive fun.

C. attend a famous festival.

D. Learn the history of a family

23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?

A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere.

答案解析：

21. C. 11.15—16.00.

解析：根据Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens部分中的开放时间信息，7月份属于3月29日至10月29日之间，因此周日房子的开放时间是11:15至16:00。

22. A. Enjoy Ronney’s works.

解析：根据Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum部分中的描述，永久藏品中包括Romneys的作品，所以游客可以欣赏Romney的作品。

23. D. Grasmere.

解析：根据Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum部分中的描述，这里是探索William Wordsworth的生活的地方，位于Grasmere。

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the university of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.

The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.

“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.

The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.

The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.

24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?

A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.

C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.

25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?

A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.

C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.

26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?

A. They play with puzzles more often.

B. They tend to talk less during the game.

C. They prefer to use more spatial language.

D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.

27. What is the text mainly about?

A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.

C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.

答案及解析：

24. B. Developing spatial skills.

解析：根据第二段中的描述，Susan Levine发现2到4岁之间玩拼图的孩子后来会发展出更好的空间技能。因此，孩子们从拼图游戏中受益的方面是发展空间技能。

25. C. Parents' education.

解析：根据第三段中的描述，研究人员在分析数据时控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长交流量的差异，这意味着Levine在设计实验时考虑了父母的教育程度。

26. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.

解析：根据最后一段中的描述，男孩倾向于玩更复杂的拼图游戏，而女孩则不是。因此，男孩和女孩在拼图游戏中的区别是男孩可能玩更难的拼图。

27. B. A scientific study.

解析：整篇文章主要讲述了一项科学研究，即Susan Levine关于拼图游戏对孩子空间技能发展影响的研究。因此，文本主要关于一项科学研究的发现。

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.

Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

A. To promote guilt-free fur.

B. To expand the fashion market.

C. To introduce a new brand.

D. To celebrate a winter holiday.

29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

B. Nutria are an endangered species.

C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.

D. Nutria are illegally hunted.

30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.

31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

A. It’s formal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditional.

答案及解析：

28. A. To promote guilt-free fur.

解析：根据第二段中的描述，这些时装秀是为了展示用海狸鼠皮毛制成的不同风格的衣服，并且提到“除非你明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏广阔的湿地，否则谈论无罪恶感的皮草听起来很疯狂”。因此，这些时装秀的目的是为了推广无罪恶感的皮草。

29. A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

解析：根据第四段中的描述，科学家们担心海狸鼠是因为它们正在严重破坏生态系统。Michael Massimi说：“那里的生态系统无法处理这种非本地物种。它在破坏环境。要么是它们，要么是我们。”

30. D. Crashed.

解析：根据第五段中的描述，皮草贸易曾经控制了海狸鼠的数量几十年，但是当市场上对海狸鼠皮草的需求崩溃后，这些猫大小的动物数量疯狂增长。这里的"collapsed"意味着市场需求突然下降，因此与"Crashed"同义。

31. B. It’s risky.

解析：根据最后一段中Morgan的话，她提到“给人们一个无罪恶感的选项，他们可以穿着它而不用担心有人向他们扔油漆——我认为这将会是一件大事，至少在这里纽约。”这表明在纽约穿皮草是有风险的，可能会遭到反对皮草人士的抗议。

I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.

My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.

As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .

Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.

As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. frequent them and talk about them when you can.

32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?

A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.

33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Pleasure from working in the library.

B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.

C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.

D. A closer bond developed with the readers.

34. What does the author call on other writers to do?

A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.

C. support libraries. D. purchase her novels.

35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Reading: A source of Knowledge

B. My Idea about writing

C. Library: A Haven for the Young

D. My Love of the Library

答案及解析：

32. C. Inseparable.

解析：根据第一段中的描述，作者从小就对书籍有着浓厚的兴趣，有时候一天能读三本书。故事对她来说就像空气一样重要，她通过从图书馆借阅的书籍来体验冒险。这表明作者与书籍的关系是密不可分的。

33. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.

解析：第三段中提到的"an added meaning"指的是作者成为母亲后，图书馆在她生活中的新地位和增加的意义。她带着孩子们去图书馆，让他们挑选书籍，这表明阅读的乐趣在她的家庭中传承下来。

34. C. Support libraries.

解析：根据最后一段中的描述，作者呼吁其他作家在有能力的时候以重要的方式支持图书馆，鼓励读者使用图书馆，在社交媒体上分享图书馆的消息，经常光顾图书馆并在可能的时候谈论它们。这表明作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆。

35. D. My Love of the Library

解析：整篇文章讲述了作者从小到大对图书馆的热爱，以及图书馆在她生活中的重要性。因此，"My Love of the Library"是最适合作为文章标题的选项。其他选项虽然与文章内容有关，但不如"D"选项全面涵盖文章的主题。

2020年全国Ⅲ卷

Journey Back in Time with Scholars

Classical Provence (13 days)

Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best- preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile roofed (瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.

Southern Spain (15 days)

Spain has lovely white towns and the scent (芳香) of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.

China's Sacred Landscapes (21 days)

Discover the China of“past ages," its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights (精彩之处) include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.

Tunisia (17 days)

Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.

21. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?

A. historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.C. Van Gogh's paintings. D. Greek buildings

22. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about?

A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia.

23. Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour?

A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.

答案解析：

21. A. Historical monuments.

解析：从Classical Provence部分的描述中，我们可以看到“some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world”，说明有历史遗迹。在Southern Spain部分，描述中提到了“a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs”，同样提到了历史遗迹。因此，游客在Classical Provence和Southern Spain都可以看到历史遗迹。

22. C. China.

解析：根据China's Sacred Landscapes部分的描述，“Discover the China of‘past ages’”表明Prof. Robert Thorp对中国非常了解。

23. B. Underground cities.

解析：在Tunisia部分的描述中提到了“unique for underground cities”，突出了突尼斯之旅的特色是地下城市。其他选项如White towns, Tile-roofed villages和Rolling hills分别在Southern Spain, Classical Provence和China's Sacred Landscapes部分被提及，与突尼斯之旅无关。

When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat- wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”

The creative team behind“Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.

Yet “Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year,. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part I” and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.

In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.

24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?

A. To see famous film stars.

B. To oppose wearing fur coats.

C. To raise money for animal protection.

D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.

25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. The cost of making“Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.

C. The publicity about“Apes." D. The performance of real apes.

26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.

C. Promoting successfully D. Watching carefully.

27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?

A.They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.

C.They could be traded illegally D. They would lose popularity.

答案解析：

24. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.

解析：根据第一段最后一句，“one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: 'Thanks for not using real apes!'”可以推断出，动物保护活动家聚集在好莱坞大道上是为了向没有使用真实猿类的电影制作者表示感谢。

25. B. The creation of digitalized apes.

解析：第二段主要讲述了《人猿星球》的创意团队如何使用动作捕捉技术来创造数字化动物，因此这一段主要谈论的是数字化猿的创造过程。

26. D. Watching carefully.

解析：第三段中提到的非营利组织正在监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇，"keeping tabs on"这个短语在这里的意思是“密切关注”，与选项D "Watching carefully"相符。

27. A. They may be badly treated.

解析：最后一段提到，引起活动家担忧的不仅仅是拍摄现场动物的待遇，还有场外训练和生活条件，这表明动物演员可能会遭到不好的对待。选项A "They may be badly treated"与这一推断相符。其他选项没有在文中得到直接或间接的支持。

With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together.

The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.

Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.

"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.

"And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.

"It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.

Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.

Stories like that are more common in parts of the world, where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.

28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?

A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn. D. The daughters.

29. What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?

A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.

30. What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on?

A. Family traditions. B. financial reports.

C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. Lifestyles in different countries.

B. Conflicts between generations.

C. A housing problem in Britain.

D. A rising trend of living in the UK.

答案解析：

28. B. Rita.

解析：根据第三段中的描述，“Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可以得知，Rita主要使用布里斯托尔维多利亚式房子的底层。

29. A. Positive.

解析：从第五段中Nick的话，“And what does Nick think? 'From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.'”可以看出，Nick对于与岳母共享房屋持积极态度。

30. C. Published statistics.

解析：第六段中提到，“It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.”这表明，作者关于多代家庭的说法是基于已发布的统计数据。

31. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.

解析：整篇文章都在讨论多代同堂在英国的上升趋势，包括不同家庭如何选择共同生活以及这种生活方式的增长情况。因此，文章主要是关于英国生活方式的上升趋势。选项D "A rising trend of living in the UK"最符合文章的主旨。

We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.

On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a university of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.

Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."

In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the university of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?

A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.

B. New knowledge of human evolution.

C. Recent findings of human origin.

D. Significance of food selection.

33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?

A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.

34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?

A. They could walk on stilts all day.

B. They had a superb way of fishing.

C. They could stay long underwater.

D. They lived on both land and water.

35. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea

B. Highlanders' Survival Skills

C. basic Methods of Genetic Research

D. The World's Best Divers

答案解析：

32. B. New knowledge of human evolution.

解析：第一段通过举例说明，人类不仅是在数十亿年前的进化产物，科学家们在我们的基因中发现了过去几千年人类进化的例子。这些例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的新知识。

33. D. Off the coast.

解析：第二段中提到，“in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.”这表明Bajau人在沿海水域的支柱上建造房屋，即沿海地区。

34. C. They could stay long underwater.

解析：第三段中Dr. Jubilado提到，“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders...”这表明Jubilado对Bajau人能在水下停留更长时间感到惊讶。

35. A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea

解析：整篇文章讲述了Bajau人如何通过进化适应海洋生活，包括他们能够在水下停留更长时间的身体特征。因此，"Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea"是一个合适的标题，它概括了文章的主要内容。其他选项要么太具体，要么没有涵盖文章的中心主题。

2020年浙江卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)

第一节(共10小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.

Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家)hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性)of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.

Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.

To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.

21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?

A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater.

C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others.

22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?

A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.

C. including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights.

23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?

A. control their feelings. B. apply their acting skills.

C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind.

24. What is this text?

A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book.

C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater.

答案解析：

21. B解析：根据第一段中的"I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others."可知，作者是一个积极的戏剧观众和剧本读者，他编辑这本书最好的理由可能是希望与他人分享他对戏剧的热情。因此，选项B "He has a deep love for the theater."与原文信息相符。

22. A解析：根据第二段中的"It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright."可知，作者无意指出这个剧本集中每个剧本的中心主题，因为这样做确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考剧本以及剧作家有效性的乐趣。因此，选项A "Stating the plays’ central ideas."与原文信息相符。

23. C解析：根据最后一段中的"To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience."可知，为了最大限度地从阅读这些剧本中获得乐趣，应该尝试在舞台上想象这部戏剧，自己是观众中的一员。因此，选项C "Use their imagination."与原文信息相符。

24. B解析：根据整篇文章的内容，作者在介绍他编辑的一本书，包括他选择剧本的标准、剧本的类型、剧作家的信息，以及如何阅读这些剧本的建议。因此，这篇文章是一本书的引言。选项B "An introduction to a book."与原文内容相符。

The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’ t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9：33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.

That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US：intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.

“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.

For all of Bellevue’ s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M university transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.

In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.

25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.

C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.

26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?

A. They work better on broad roads.

B. They should be used in other cities.

C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.

D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.

27. What can we learn from Bellevue’ s success?

A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.

C. It pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.

答案解析：

25. C解析：第二段中划线单词"that"指的是第一段中提到的交通信号灯的时间变化，即交通信号灯的时间是灵活变化的，不会连续两次闪现相同长度的绿灯。因此，选项C "Flexible timing of traffic signals."与原文内容相符。

26. D解析：根据第四段中Kevin Balke的话：“while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.”可知，虽然智能信号灯对一些城市特别有益，但其他城市交通拥堵严重，只有大幅减少路上的汽车数量，才会带来有意义的变化。因此，选项D "They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed."与原文内容相符。

27. A解析：根据最后一段中的“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.”可知，贝尔维尤转而使用自适应信号灯是一个欢迎新方法的教训。这表明尝试新事物是有益的。因此，选项A "It is rewarding to try new things."与原文内容相符。

Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

Researchers from the university of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.

Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.

“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”

It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”

Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.

28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?

A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.

C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.

29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?

A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.

C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills

B. Old People Should Take challenging Jobs

C. Your tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp

D. Cognitive function May Decline As You Age

答案解析：

28. D解析：根据第二段中的“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.”可知，科学家们让志愿者接受一系列测试是为了评估他们的记忆和思考技能。因此，选项D "To measure their mental ability."与原文内容相符。

29. B解析：第四段中Francisca Then用跑步后感到疼痛和疲惫来比喻长时间工作后的感觉，但她指出这种挑战可以帮助大脑保持健康，这是通过比较来解释她的发现。因此，选项B "By making a comparison."与原文内容相符。

30. C解析：文章的主要内容是关于具有挑战性的工作如何帮助大脑保持敏锐，即使在退休后也能减缓认知功能的下降。选项C "Your tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp"最能概括文章的主题，因此是最佳标题。

2020年北京卷

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40 分)

第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow ( 赋予 ) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.

At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And it’s all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat.

Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.

Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren’t satisfied, just write to customer service within 21 days.

Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com

31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?

A. Culture researchers. B.AI specialists.

C.Language experts. D.Art designers.

32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app?

A.A flexible system. B.An effective method.

C.The brain-training technique. D.The informative content.

33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its .

A. personalised courses B.multiple languages

C.pricing policy D.service team

答案解析：

31.C答案解析：根据文章第一段中的“our multi-language experts endow (赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning”可知，多语言专家赋予了Lancom在语言学习领域巨大的创新潜力，因此选项C“语言专家”是正确答案。

32.B答案解析：根据文章第二段中的“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology”可知，Lancom应用的核心是一个世界级的有效方法，它利用先进技术来增强语言学习，因此选项B“一个有效的方法”是正确答案。

33.A答案解析：根据文章第三段中的“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language”可知，Lancom是唯一一个提供针对你的母语定制课程的产品，因此它声称其独特之处在于个性化课程，选项A“个性化课程”是正确答案。

Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level,

which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (婴儿车), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the environment Agency.

The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘).

Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.”

“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets (小装置). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it on Baggy’s collar and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.”

Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.”

34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can .

A. take pollutant readings B.record pollutant levels C.process collected data D.reduce air pollution

35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?

A.High places are free of air pollution. B.Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.

C.Conventional monitors are more reliable. D.Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

36. What is Tom’s purpose of doing the research?

A. To warn of a health risk. B.To find out pollution sources.

C.To test his new monitor. D.To prove Baggy’s abilities.

37. according to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?

A. Modest. B.Generous.

C.Creative. D.Outgoing.

B(record pollutant levels)

答案解析：

34.根据文章第二段“Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.”可知，Baggy脖子上戴着一个污染监测器，可以记录地面附近的污染物水平。因此，选项B“记录污染物水平”是正确的。

35.根据文章第二段和第三段的内容可知，Baggy的数据表明地面附近的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突出婴儿和小孩可能面临更高的患肺部疾病风险的问题。因此，选项D“地面附近的空气更污染”是正确的。

36.根据文章第四段“Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘).”可知，Tom向政府报告了这一惊人的发现，以强调婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。因此，选项A“警告健康风险”是正确的。

37.根据文章第六段和第七段的内容可知，Tom从小就对环境保护充满热情，并且非常感兴趣于小装置。他利用自己的新技术和想法，让Baggy成为了监测空气污染的“超级狗”。因此，选项C“有创造力的”是描述Tom的最佳词汇。

For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.

The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.

Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen ( 工匠 ) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.

The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.

Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.

Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.

If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.

38. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?

A. Confused about the technical terms. B.Impressed with its detailed instructions.

C.Discouraged by its complex structure. D.Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.

39. according to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to .

A. restore old workshops B.understand the craftsmen

C.improve visual effects D.inspire the philosophers

40. Why does the author mention museums?

A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.

B. To present the findings of old science.

C. To highlight the importance of antiques.

D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.

41. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists

B.Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories

C.Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists

D.Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science

答案解析：

38. D.根据第二段，史密斯在读过这份手稿后，她主要感到震惊的是她并不真正理解作者描述的任何技能。她说：“你仅仅通过阅读是无法理解那些手工艺的。”

39. B. 根据第三段，重建工匠的工作可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家中充满了什么物品，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。因此，重建工作主要是为了理解工匠。

40. D. 第四段提到，史密斯说，重建工作也为博物馆带来了见解。为了保护一个物体，你必须知道它是如何制作的。更重要的是，重建可能是了解这些宝藏磨损前样貌的唯一方式。这强调了手工技能的价值。

41. C.文章讲述了史密斯通过重建古老技术来理解过去的工匠，并且她认为将这些古老的配方复活可以帮助发展一种强调实验、团队合作和解决问题的学习方式。最后一段提到，如果我们能够重新发现实践经验和手工艺的价值，我们就可以将现代洞察力的最佳与现代祖先的实用性结合起来。因此，最佳标题应该是“手工艺造就更好的科学家”。

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms ( 算法 ) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.

Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”

Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine … that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”

Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced ( 强化 ) by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford university philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.

The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.

42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.

C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.

43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?

A. Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.

C.Benefit ambitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.

44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is .A. supportive B.disapproving

C.fearful D.uncertain

45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?

A. It may be only a dream.

B. It will come into being soon.

C. It will be controlled by humans.

D. It may be more dangerous than ever.

答案解析：

42. D.第一段中提到了一些AI的应用，如算法在金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机可以进行语言翻译等，这些应用已经变得无处不在，因此可以推断出“ubiquitous”的意思是“到处存在的，普遍的”。因此，答案为D。

43. A. 根据第二段中的句子“AGI could，its advocates say，work for us around the clock，and drawing on all available data，could suggest solutions to many problems.”可知，AGI的支持者认为AGI可以全天候为我们工作，利用所有可用的数据，提出许多问题的解决方案。因此，AGI可以帮助我们解决问题，答案为A。

44. B.作者在第三段中提到“Since the early days of AI，imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.”，表明作者对人工智能的想象持怀疑态度，因此可以推断出作者对Irving Good关于超智能机器的观点持反对态度，答案为B。

45. A. 最后一段提到“我相信有很好的理由怀疑我们是否能在任何时候看到AGI，甚至是否能看到它”，因此可以推断出AGI可能只是一个梦想，即选项A。

2020年山东卷

第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

POETRY CHALLENGE

Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.

Prizes

3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of theNational Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.

6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.

50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.

Rules

Follow all rulescarefully to prevent disqualification.

■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.

■ Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the from and back of thepaper.

■ On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birthdate.

■ Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.

1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.

2.What willeach of the honorable mention winners get?

A. A plane ticket. B.A book by Corinne Szabo.

C. A special T-shirt. D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.

3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?

A. Typing your poem out. B.Writing a poem of 120 words.

C. Using both sides of the paper. D.Mailing your entry on October 30.

1.A根据Prizes部分的描述，每个大奖获得者可以带一个家长和一个自己选择的其他人一起去华盛顿特区旅行，因此每个大奖获得者可以免费带两个人旅行，选项A“Two”为正确答案。

2.C在Prizes部分中提到，荣誉奖获得者将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤，因此每个荣誉奖获得者将得到一件特别的T恤，选项C“A special T-shirt”为正确答案。

3.B在Rules部分中明确提到，参赛作品必须使用100个单词或更少，因此写一首120个单词的诗将会导致参赛者被取消资格，选项B“Writing a poem of 120 words”为正确答案。其他选项在Rules部分中均未提及会导致取消资格。

Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. that willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from university of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.

Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.

Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.

Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family - and that's pretty powerful.

4.What did Jennifer do after high school?

A. She helped her dad with his work.

B. She ran the family farm on her own.

C. She supported herself through college.

D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.

5.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?

A. To take care of her kids easily.

B. To learn from the best nurses.

C. To save money for her parents.

D. To find a well-paid job there.

6.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

A. Her health.

B. Her time with family.

C. Her reputation.

D. Her chance of promotion.

7.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?

A. Time is money.

B. Love breaks down barriers.

C. Hard work pays off.

D. Education is the key to success.

答案解析：

4. 根据文章第二段，"After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education." 这句话表明Jennifer在高中毕业后去了当地的一所技术学院，并且通过工作来支付自己的学费。因此，选项C "She supported herself through college." 是正确的。

5. 文章第三段提到，"She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home." 这说明Jennifer选择这个项目是因为它离家近，这样她可以在晚上回家帮助照顾孩子。因此，选项A "To take care of her kids easily." 是正确的。

6. 文章第四段中，Jennifer提到，"Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers." 这表明她为了实现目标，牺牲了很多与孩子共度的夜晚。因此，选项B "Her time with family." 是正确的。

7. 整篇文章讲述了Jennifer通过努力工作和牺牲，最终实现了她的目标，获得了护理学位。这个故事告诉我们，通过努力工作，我们可以实现我们的目标。因此，选项C "Hard work pays off." 是正确的。

In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.

His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.

This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr. Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.

Mr. Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?

A. His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.

C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.

9.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Developing a serious mental disease. B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.

C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.

10.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?

A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.

11.What isthe purpose of this text?

A. To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.

C. To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.

答案解析：

8.B. 根据第一段中的描述，"A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea." 这表明他对这个国家仍然感兴趣，这是他返回的原因。

9.D. 在第二段中，"that"指的是前文提到的目的，即写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此，"that"指的是写作活动。

10.B. 根据第三段中的描述，Mr Bissell的经历包括参观历史建筑、与警察的冲突、参加山地葬礼和饮酒派对，以及在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦看到的尘暴和疾病。这些事件表明他的旅程是充满事件的。

11. A. 整篇文章主要讲述了Tom Bissell的书《Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia》的内容，包括他的旅行经历和对乌兹别克斯坦的观察。因此，文本的目的是介绍这本书。

According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.

Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.

For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.

The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having'' effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?

12.What isthe recent study mainly about?

A. Food safety. B. Movie viewer ship. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.

13.What does the underlined word ''beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Bigeaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.

14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?

A. To see how she would affect the participants.

B. To testif the participants could recognize her.

C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.

D. To study why she could keep her weight down.

15.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?

A. How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.

C. How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.

答案解析：

12. D. 该研究关注的是我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯如何影响我们的食物摄入量，这是进食行为的一个关键方面。

13. D. beanpoles"这个词是口语词汇，通常指的是又高又瘦的人，这与超重相反。

14. A. 研究者雇佣演员是为了模拟某些饮食习惯，并观察这些行为如何影响参与者的饮食习惯，而不是为了其他列出的原因。

15. C. 最后一段指出，我们根据如何感知他人来调整影响。如果一个瘦人吃很多，我们可能会效仿，因为我们感知到他们可以吃很多而保持苗条;而如果一个超重的人吃很多，我们可能会有所克制，因为我们感知到他们饮食习惯的负面后果。

2020年新高考II卷(海南卷)

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.

Broadcasting Camp

Become the next star reporter news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.

Secret Agent Camp

In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.

Culinary Camp

If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.

Street Art Camp

This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.

21. How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?

A. 2. B. 4. C. 17. D. 21.

22. What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?

A. Create a website. B. Run a news station.

C. Meet a star reporter. D. hold a dinner party.

23. Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?

A. Broadcasting Camp. B. Secret Agent Camp.

C. Culinary Camp D. Street Art Camp.

答案解析：

21. C. 根据第一段最后一句话"These are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered."可以得知，Pali Overnight Adventures今年夏天提供了17个独特的营地。

22. B. 根据Broadcasting Camp部分的第一句话"While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast..."可以得知，在Broadcasting Camp，孩子们将运营自己的新闻站。

23. C. 根据Culinary Camp部分的第一句话"If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit."可以得知，如果孩子喜欢待在厨房，那么Culinary Camp是最合适的选择，因此这个营地会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子们。

The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol(手枪).

I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.

"Please bring that pistol to me" I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."

"What's that?" they asked.

"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren" I replied,

"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.

"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."

My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.

The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."

I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.

24. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?

A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.

C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.

25. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?

A. The student's parent. B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.

C. The author's grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.

26. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?

A. They went to play with the baby.

B. They asked to see the Grandma's Box.

C. They made a present for Gordon.

D. They stopped asking their toys back.

27. What can we infer about the author?

A. She enjoys telling jokes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher.

C. She loves doing woodwork. D. She is a responsible grandmother

答案解析：

24. A.根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。

25. D. 在第八段中提到，“通常，罪犯会在一天结束时出现，我会归还物品”，结合前文提到的“禁果”，可以推断出“the offender”指的是禁果的主人，即拿走不应该拿的东西的学生。因此，答案为D。

26. D. 根据文中最后一句话"From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, 'That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon.'"可以得知，学生们在得知Gordon出生后，不再要求取回他们的玩具，而是选择将它们放入"Grandma's Box"给Gordon。

27. B. 从作者处理学生带来的禁止物品的方式可以看出，她是一个严格的老师，同时她创造性地使用"Grandma's Box"这个概念，表明她也是一个聪明的老师。文中没有提及她喜欢讲笑话、做木工或作为祖母的责任，因此这些选项都不正确。

In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway(晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.

The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌)to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.

Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.

Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.

"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.

28. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?

A. It carried more weight than it could.

B. It swayed violently in a strong wind

C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles

D. Its access was blocked by many people.

29 Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?

A. No design is well received everywhere

B. construction is more important than design.

C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design

D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.

30. What does the last paragraph suggest?

A. failure can lead to progress.

B. success results in overconfidence

C. Failure should be avoided.

D. Success comes from joint efforts.

31. What is the text?

A. A news report B. A short story.

C. A book review D. A research article.

答案解析：

28. A.根据第一段中的描述，工程师们注意到桥面正在下陷，因为它承受了前所未有的重负荷，这表明桥承载了超过其承受能力的重量。

29. C. 第三段中，Petroski博士提到设备失败有时是因为好的设计用低质量的材料不熟练地建造，或者是因为一个设计太好而被反复采用，直到突然不再有效。这表明并非所有的灾难都是由工程设计造成的。

30. A.最后一段中，Petroski博士写道“成功就是成功，但这就是全部”，然后指出是失败带来了改进。这表明失败可以导致进步。

31. C. 整篇文章讨论了Petroski博士的书《To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure》，包括书中的内容、观点和作者的意图，因此这是一篇书评。

Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛)in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.

Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.

Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.

They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.

32. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?

A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.

C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.

33. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?

A. Heavy rains B. Big trees. C. small plants. D. Forest animals.

34. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?

A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.

C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.

35. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The law of the Jungle

C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests

答案解析：

32. D. 第一段提到雨林是多种药物植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园，一个灌木丛就可能拥有比整个英国还多的蚂蚁种类，一公顷的雨林中就能找到大约480种树木。这些都表明雨林在野生动植物种类上非常丰富。

33. B. 第二段提到高大的树木形成了树冠层，保护了自己、较小的植物和森林动物免受大雨、强烈的阳光和强风的侵袭，这是雨林自我生存保障的完美系统。因此，大树对雨林的生存贡献最大。

34. C. 第三段提到科学家认为树木以这种方式生长是为了防止任何树病的传播，并使像毛虫这样的食叶昆虫的生活更加困难。这表明树叶和树枝避免相互接触是为了自我保护。

35. A. 整篇文章讲述了雨林如何为地球提供氧气、如何自我维持生存、以及它们如何影响天气和降雨，这些都表明雨林对生命至关重要。因此，"Life-Giving Rainforests"是一个合适的标题。其他选项要么范围太窄，要么与文章内容不符。

2021年全国乙卷

The Biggest Stadiums in the World

People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.

These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.

For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.

All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.

• Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R.Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.

• Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.

• Beaver Stadium, state College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.

• Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.

• Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.

21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?

A.104,944. B. 107,601.

C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.

22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?

A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.

C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.

23. What do the listed stadiums have in common?

A. They host big games.

B. They have become tourist attractions.

C. They were built by Americans.

D. They are favored by architects.

21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?

答案及解析：

21.D. About 250,000.

解析：根据文章第二段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可以得知，Circus Maximus的容量是大约250,000人。

22. C. Ohio Stadium.

解析：通过比较文章中提到的各个体育场的开放日期，Ohio Stadium开放于1922年10月7日，是这几个体育场中最早的。

23.A. They host big games.

解析：文章最后一段提到“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”，说明这些体育场仍然在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。其他选项在文章中没有提及。

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?

These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)—only 58 percent of generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.

Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?

24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?

A. Their target users.

B. Their wide popularity.

C. Their major functions.

D. Their complex design.

25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Admit. B. Argue.

C. Remember. D. Remark.

26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?

A. They like smartphone games.

B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.

C. They keep using landline phones.

D. They are attached to their family.

27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?

A. It remains a family necessity.

B. It will fall out of use some day.

C. It may increase daily expenses.

D. It is as important as the gas light.

答案及解析：

24.B. Their wide popularity.

第二段提到在澳大利亚，几乎每个超过15岁的人都拥有手机，很多更年轻的孩子也有手机，几乎每个人都可以随时随地打电话和接电话，这说明手机在澳大利亚非常普及。

25. A. Admit.

解析：在第三段中，“concede”这个词用在一个承认座机不是真正必要的语境中，因此它的意思是“承认”。

26. C. They keep using landline phones.

解析：根据第四段的内容，与只有58%的Y世代偶尔使用座机相比，84%的婴儿潮一代可能已经使用同一个家庭电话号码50年了，这说明婴儿潮一代仍然坚持使用座机。

27. B. It will fall out of use some day.

解析：最后一段提到，作者想知道人们对于座机的依赖程度，以及座机会不会像煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的服务一样最终被淘汰。这暗示了座机可能会在未来某一天不再被使用。

You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.

At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.

In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.

Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.

28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?

A. Beautifying the city he lives in.

B. Introducing eco-friendly products.

C. drawing public attention to plastic waste.

D. Reducing garbage on the beach.

29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?

A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.

B. To explain why they are useful.

C. To voice his views on modern art.

D. To find a substitute for them.

30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?

A. Calming. B. Disturbing.

C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.

31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety

B. media Interest in Contemporary Art

C. responsibility Demanded of Big Companies

D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures

答案及解析：

28. C. drawing public attention to plastic waste.

解析：文章第一段提到艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制作大型雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。这表明他的艺术作品的目的是为了吸引公众对塑料垃圾的关注。

29. A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.

解析：第三段中，作者讨论了塑料吸管，指出它们不是塑料污染的最大来源，但由于大多数人不需要它们来饮用，并且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收，因此最近受到了批评。这表明作者讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。

30. B. Disturbing.

解析：根据第四段的内容，Von Wong的作品“Truckload of Plastic”是为了说明每60秒就有相当于一卡车塑料进入海洋的统计数据。这样的作品很可能会给观众带来不安或困扰的感觉，因为它展示了塑料污染的严重性。

31. D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures.

解析：整篇文章讲述了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong如何使用从海洋中收集的塑料垃圾来创作大型雕塑，以此来提高人们对塑料污染问题的意识。因此，最佳标题应该是“海洋塑料变身为雕塑”。其他选项没有涵盖文章的主要内容。

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝),70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?

A. It helps him concentrate.

B. It blocks out background noise.

C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.

D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels.

C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.

34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A. personal privacy unprotected.

B. Limited working space.

C. Restrictions on group discussion.

D. constant interruptions.

35. What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He’s a news reporter.

B. He’s an office manager.

C. He’s a professional designer.

D. He’s a published writer.

答案解析：

32. A. It helps him concentrate.

解析：文章第一段提到面试官因为开放式办公室的干扰而感到烦恼，所以他加入了街对面的共享办公空间以集中注意力。这表明他更喜欢共享办公空间是因为它帮助他集中精力。

33. C. 70 decibels.

解析：第二段中提到，70分贝的背景噪音水平(类似于咖啡店的背景闲聊)的参与者显著优于其他组。这表明70分贝的背景噪音可能有助于提高创造性思维能力。

34. D. constant interruptions.

解析：第四段提到，在开放式办公室中，我们无法阻止自己在试图集中注意力时被别人的对话吸引。研究人员发现面对面交流和对话会影响创造性过程，而在共享办公空间或咖啡店则提供了一定程度的噪音，同时也免于被打扰。这表明不断被打扰是许多人不喜欢开放式办公室的原因。

35. D. He’s a published writer.

解析：文章开头提到，在为作者的一本书进行的采访中，面试官说了些什么，这表明作者是一位出版过的作家。其他选项没有足够的信息支持。

2021年全国甲卷

Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.

Mike Shepherd

(2011)

Skiddaw in Winter

Cumbria, England

It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).

Timothy Smith

(2014)

Macclesfield Forest

Cheshire, England

I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.

1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?

A. Writers. B. Photographers.

C. Painters. D. Tourists.

2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?

A. They are winter images.

B. They are in black and white.

C. They show mountainous scenes.

D. They focus on snow-covered forests.

3. Where can the text be found?

A. In a history book.

B. In a novel.

C. In an art magazine.

D. In a biography.

答案及解析：

1. B. Photographers.

解析：根据第一段中的描述，Take a view是一个每年举行一次的比赛，旨在展示英国风景摄影的佳作。因此，最有可能参加这个比赛的是摄影师。

2. A. They are winter images.

解析：Shepherd的作品描述了一个冬天的傍晚，而Smith的作品则是他在家乡Macclesfield拍摄的冬季图片。两者都提到了冬季，因此它们都是冬季图像。

3. C. In an art magazine.

解析：文本内容涉及摄影比赛和获奖作品，这些信息通常会在艺术杂志中找到，而不是在历史书、小说或传记中。

Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).

Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”

The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.

According to the World wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.

4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?

A. Costly. B. Controversial.

C. Ambitious. D. Successful.

5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?

A. She loves staying with her mother.

B. She dislikes outdoor activities.

C. She is in good condition.

D. She is sensitive to heat.

6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?

A. They had their first born in January.

B. They enjoyed exploring new places.

C. They lived with their grandmothers.

D. They were brought to the reserve young.

7. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?

A. The rhino section will be open to the public.

B. It aims to control the number of the animals.

C. It will continue to work with the World wildlife Fund.

D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.

答案及解析：

4. D. Successful.

解析：文章提到Port Lympne Reserve的繁殖计划成功迎来了第40头黑犀牛幼崽的出生，这表明该繁殖计划是成功的。

5. C. She is in good condition.

解析：Paul Beer提到新生的犀牛幼崽健康、强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和探索，这说明幼崽的状况良好。

6. A. They had their first born in January.

解析：文章中提到Solio和Kisima都是第一次做母亲，并且她们的幼崽都是在1月出生的，因此这是她们的相似经历。

7. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.

解析：文章最后一段提到，目前还太早无法判断这些幼崽是否适合被送回到受保护的野生区域，这暗示了Port Lympne Reserve可能会将一些犀牛送到受保护的野生区域。

When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.

Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.

When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. within a couple of years, I’d given it up.

When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”

“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”

8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?

A. He felt disappointed.

B. He gave up his hobby.

C. He liked the weather there.

D. He had disagreements with his family.

9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?

A. Be careful! B. Well done!

C. No way! D. Don’t worry!

10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?

A. To join the skateboarding.

B. To make new friends.

C. To learn more tricks.

D. To relive his childhood days.

11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?

A. Children should learn a second language.

B. Sport is necessary for children’s health.

C. Children need a sense of belonging.

D. Seeing the world is a must for children.

答案及解析：

8. A. He felt disappointed.

解析：根据第一段，作者在搬到伦敦后感到失落和不适应，因为没有了他喜爱的海滩和持续的蓝天，这表明他感到失望。

9. B. Well done!

解析：根据第二段中的描述，当作者成功完成一个特技时，他的朋友们大声喊“Safe! Safe! Safe!”，这表明这些话是表示赞扬和认可，意思是“做得好!”。

10. D. To relive his childhood days.

解析：根据最后两段，作者回到伦敦后喜欢在Southbank消磨时间，他回忆起20年前自己是那里的一名本地滑板手，这表明他想重温他的童年时光。

11. C. Children need a sense of belonging.

解析：整篇文章讲述了作者在伦敦Southbank找到归属感的故事，他通过滑板运动和当地的滑板手建立了一种联系，这传达了孩子们需要归属感的消息。

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.

Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

12. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?

A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative.

C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict.

13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

A. They think themselves smart.

B. They look up to great thinkers.

C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.

D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.

14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A. Improved global communication.

B. Less discrimination against women.

C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts.

D. Changes in people’s social positions.

15. What is the best title for the text?

A. Geniuses Think Alike

B. Genius Takes Many Forms

C. Genius and Intelligence

D. Genius and Luck

答案及解析：

12. A. They’re unfair.

解析：根据第三段，历史上的胜利者设定了加入天才俱乐部的标准，而这些标准往往忽略了女性和其他种族或信仰的人的贡献，这表明作者认为这些标准是不公平的。

13. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.

解析：根据第四段，研究表明女孩们早在六岁时就不太可能认为自己的性别成员“非常非常聪明”，并且她们会根据这种信念采取行动，这表明女孩们可能会受到社会信念的影响。

14. A. Improved global communication.

解析：根据第五段，在一个不断进行全球通信的互联世界中，我们都有机会看到天才的出现，这意味着更好的全球通信让更多的天才为公众所知。

15. B. Genius Takes Many Forms

解析：整篇文章探讨了天才的本质，指出天才不仅仅是像爱因斯坦这样的白人男性，而是不受性别、种族和阶级等社会因素限制的。文章最后提到，未来的天才来自那些具有智慧、创造力、毅力和简单好运的人，他们能够改变世界。因此，最佳标题应该是“天才有多种形式”。

2021年全国新高考I卷

Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location(位置) with security and comfort.

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.

Youth station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?

A. Comfort.

B. Security.

C. Price.

D. Location.

22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?

A. Yellow Hostel.

B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.

C. Youth Station Hostel.

D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?

A. It gets noisy at night.

B. Its staff is too talkative.

C. It charges for Wi-Fi.

D. It’s inconveniently located.

答案及解析：

21. C. Price.

解析：文章开头提到罗马的旅行费用可能很高，这就是为什么许多人选择住在旅社的原因，因为旅社提供的价格相对便宜。接下来的段落详细介绍了几个旅社的价格，进一步证实了价格是旅行者选择旅社的主要考虑因素。

22. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.

解析：根据文章中对Hostel Alessandro Palace的描述，提到了这里有很多酒吧活动，如免费射击、酒吧爬行和卡拉OK，非常适合喜欢社交活动的旅行者。

23. C. It charges for Wi-Fi.

解析：文章最后一段提到了Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的一些优点，如位置靠近市中心和主要景点，员工友好乐于助人，但是也提到了需要为Wi-Fi支付2欧元一天的缺点。其他选项在文中没有提及。

By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”

Mr. Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musiciandoesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.

“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained.

Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and required up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.

But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”

Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Mr. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.

“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”

24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?

A. Read music.B. Play the piano.C. Sing songs.D. Fix the instruments.

25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?

A. Boring.B. Well-paid.C. Demanding.D. Dangerous.

26. What does Titterton need to practice?

A. Counting the pages.B. Recognizing the “nodding”.C. Catching falling objects.D. Performing in his own style.

27. Why is Ms. Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?

A. He has very poor eyesight.B. He ignores the audience.C. He has no interest in music.D. He forgets to do his job.

答案及解析：

24. A. Read music.

解析：根据文章第二段中的描述，“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.” 可知，Titterton 作为翻页员需要能够读懂乐谱。

25. C. Demanding.

解析：根据文章第三段中的描述，“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” 可知，Titterton 的工作要求很高，需要确保不翻错页，并且能够在乐谱中找到重复的部分。

26. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.

解析：根据文章第五段中的描述，“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.” 可知，Titterton 需要练习的是识别钢琴家提示翻页的“点头”动作。

27. D. He forgets to do his job.

解析：根据文章倒数第二段中的描述，“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’” 可知，Raspopova 的丈夫因为太专注于音乐，以至于忘记了翻页的工作，所以她认为他是“最差的翻页员”。

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades todecimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), anincreasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding”Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by president Franklin Roosevelt as director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.

About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.

28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?

A. Loss of wetlands.B. popularity of water sports.

C. pollution of rivers.D. arrival of other wild animals.

29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.

30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?

A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.

C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.

31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story

B. The National Wildlife Refuge System

C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl

D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting

答案及解析：

28. A. Loss of wetlands.

解析：根据第一段中的描述，“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.” 可知，湿地面积的减少是水禽数量下降的一个原因。

29. C. Destroy.

解析：根据第一段中的上下文，探险者和随后的定居者在短短几十年内对自然资源造成了巨大的破坏，可以推断“decimate”的意思是“destroy”，即摧毁、破坏。

30. D. The government has collected money.

解析：根据第二段中的描述，“all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.” 以及第三段中的描述，“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund...” 可知，1934年法案的直接结果是政府通过鸭票筹集了资金。

31. A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story.

解析：整篇文章讲述了联邦鸭票的起源、目的、资金使用和成效，因此“A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story”是最合适的标题。其他选项虽然与文章内容相关，但没有涵盖文章的全部主题。

Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Beingemotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?

A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?

A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.

35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?

A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.

C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.

答案及解析：

32. D. It refers to a person's positive qualities.

解析：根据第一段中的描述，“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test...” 可知，现在很多人错误地将情绪智力理解为一个人性格中几乎所有积极但无法通过IQ测试衡量的品质。

33. B. To clarify a concept.

解析：作者在第二段中提到“doctor”和“cheater”是为了阐明情绪智力这个概念。通过举例说明情绪智力可以被用于好的目的(如医生帮助病人)或坏的目的(如骗子控制潜在受害者)，作者澄清了情绪智力并不一定使一个人成为道德的人。

34. A. Favorable.

解析：根据第三段中的描述，“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.” 可知，作者认为情绪智力的普及总的来说利大于弊，因此作者对情绪智力的普及持积极态度。

35. B. Expectations for future studies.

解析：最后一段主要谈论了对情绪智力未来研究的期望，希望科学的发展能够提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理自己的生活，以及情绪智力如何指导正确的方向。因此，该段主要关注的是对未来研究的期望。

2021年全国新高考II卷

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer

Harrogate Music Festival

Since its birth,Harrogate Music festival has gone from strength to strength.This year, we are celebrating our 50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti,presenting an amazing programme of Mozart pieces.

Dates:1 June-31 July

Tickets:£12-£96

Jodie's Fitness summer Classes

As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor,on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate.

We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May,at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. advance bookings are required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)

Dates:23 May-11 July

Tickets: £7.50 per session

Felt Picture Making

Working from an inspirational picture,this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the techniques you will need to recreate your picture in wool.

We will also discuss the origins of felt(毛毡)，what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work.

Dates: 12 June-12 July

Tickets: £40 including materials

Figure It Out!-Playing with Math

A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid,and much more.Discover how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work.

Dates:7 May-10 June

Tickets:Free

21.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes?

A. Join a fitness club. B.Pay a registration fee.

C.Make a booking. D.Hire a personal trainer.

22. How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making?

A.£7.50. B.£12. C.£40. D.£96.

23.Which of the following starts earliest?

A.Harrogate Music Festival. B. Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes.

C.Felt Picture Making. D.Figure It Out!-Playing with Math.

答案解析：

21. C. 根据Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes部分中的"We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. advance bookings are required (info@middletonlodge.co.uk)"可知，想要参加体验课需要提前预订。

22. C. 根据Felt Picture Making部分中的"Tickets: £40 including materials"可知，Felt Picture Making的票价是40英镑，包括材料费。

23. D. 根据各个活动的日期，我们可以比较出哪个活动开始得最早：

Harrogate Music Festival: 1 June - 31 July

Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes: 23 May - 11 July

Felt Picture Making: 12 June - 12 July

Figure It Out!-Playing with Math: 7 May - 10 June

Figure It Out!-Playing with Math从5月7日开始，是四个活动中开始最早的。

I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo.paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽)that have ever been born here. Globally， a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.

I've got two children - the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.

As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.

Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.

When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.

I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.

24.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?

A.To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.

C.To teach them life skills. D.To let them play with his kids.

25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief' mean in paragraph 3?

A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way.

C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom.

26.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?

A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.

27.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?

A.They frightened the children. B.They became difficult to contain.

C.They annoyed the neighbours. D.They started fighting each other.

答案解析：

24. A. 根据第一段中的"Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home."可知，作者将虎崽带回家是为了确保它们的生存，因为全球有三分之一的苏门答腊虎崽在动物园无法成年。

25. A. 根据第三段中的"We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo."可知，画线词"get up to mischief"指的是虎崽们将房间弄得乱七八糟，因此它的意思是在房间里淘气、行为不良。

26. B. 根据第四段中的"Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired."可知，作者认为在家养育虎崽非常累人。

27. B. 根据第五段中的"When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go."可知，作者决定将Spot和Stripe送回动物园是因为它们学会了开门和跳栏，变得越来越难以控制。

A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.

Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change，"she said."I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."

The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.

Zafirakou began the project at Alperton community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."

Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.

Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."

28.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?

A. Make a movie. B.Build new schools.

C.Run a project. D. Help local musicians.

29.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?

A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.

C. It opens children's mind. D.It deserves greater attention.

30.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?

A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.

C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.

31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists

C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World's Best Arts Teacher

答案解析：

28. C. 根据第二段中的"Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. 'We are going to make a change,' she said. 'I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.'"可知，Zafirakou计划用她的奖金来运行一个项目，以促进学校艺术教育的教学。

29. D. 根据第五段中的"Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: 'Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.' It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added."可知，Craig-Martin认为艺术教育在英国学校中被降级了，因此他支持Zafirakou的项目，认为艺术教育应该得到更多的关注。

30. C. 根据最后一段中的"Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. 'It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.'"可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力，因为未来依赖于创造力，而创造力依赖于年轻人。

31. A. 整个文章都在讲述Andria Zafirakou如何使用她获得的奖金来启动一个项目，将艺术家带入学校，以激发孩子们的艺术教育。因此，"Bring Artists to Schools"是一个合适的标题，它概括了文章的主要内容。其他选项要么太窄，要么太宽，没有准确地反映文章的主题。

An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.

Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the university of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签)on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture (质地) of grass. That way， cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.

Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.

For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.

Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concems about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.

32.What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?

A. Soil pollution. B.Lack of workers.

C.Aging machines. D. Low profitability.

33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?

A.Monitor the quality of grass. B.Cure the diseased cattle.

C.Move cattle to another field. D.Predict weather changes.

34.Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?

A. He wants to help them earn a living. B.He thinks men can do the job better.

C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D.He enjoys the traditional way of life.

35.How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?

A.Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.

C.Make the job more appealing. D.Keep cattle from being stolen.

答案解析：

32. B. 根据第一段中的"but is facing a labor shortage"可知，畜牧业面临的一个问题是劳动力短缺。

33. A. 根据第二段中的"That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes."可知，Sukkarieh的机器人将能够监测草地的质量，从而帮助牧民知道是否需要为了营养目的将牛转移到另一个领域。

34. B.根据第四段中的"Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse."可知，Pete Bonds仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能更好地完成这项工作。

35. D.根据最后一段中的"a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft"可知，根据Michael Kelsey的说法，机器人可能在防止牛被盗方面非常有用。

2021年6月浙江卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life-his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career(职业)in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.

But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.

Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might he just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.

Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.

21. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?

A. He enjoyed watching movies.

B. He was eager to earn money.

C. He wanted to be like his uncle.

D. He felt he was good at acting.

22. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?

A. He directed some high quality movies.

B. He avoided taking on new challenges.

C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.

D. He became a successful comedy actor.

23. What does Nielsen's career story tell us?

A. Art is long, life is short.

B. He who laughs last laughs longest.

C. It's never too late to learn.

D. Where there's a will there's a way.

答案解析：

21. C。根据第一段第二句“The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.”可知，叔叔赢得的钦佩和尊敬激发了尼尔森在演艺界谋生的愿望。因此，他想成为一名演员是因为他想像叔叔一样。

22. D。根据第二段最后一句“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.”可知，这部电影引导他进入了职业生涯的第二个阶段，在这个阶段，仅凭他的喜剧天赋就能使一部电影取得经济上的成功，即使电影评论家不会给它很高的评价。因此，他在职业生涯的第二个阶段成为了一名成功的喜剧演员。

23. D。根据最后一段最后两句“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.”可知，他凭借简单的老式努力和决心建立了巨大成功的职业生涯。他告诉我们，即使一个单一的愿望，只要不放弃，就能过上非凡的生活。因此，尼尔森的职业生涯故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”。故选D。

We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen--any screen --and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.

In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.

"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."

Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.

24. What is the problem with the author's children?

A. They often annoy the neighbours.

B. They are tired of doing their homework.

C. They have no friends to play with

D. They stay in front of screens for too long.

25. How did David Bond advocate his idea?

A. By making a documentary film.

B. By organizing outdoor activities.

C. By advertising in London media.

D. By creating a network of friends.

26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2 ?

A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Let Children Have Fun

B. Young Children Need More Free Tire

C. Market Nature to Children

D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children

答案解析：

24. D。根据第一段最后两句“They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.”可知，作者的孩子并不是唯一有这个问题的人。今天的孩子们平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，其中一部分时间用于看电视，另一部分时间用于上网。因此，作者的孩子的问题是他们在屏幕前待的时间太长了。

25. A。根据第二段第五句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.”和第六句“The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network...”可知，David Bond 通过记录自己的旅程，将自然视为一个品牌来推销给年轻人，最终制作了一部名为《Project Wild Thing》的纪录片，记录了野性网络组织的诞生。因此，他是通过制作纪录片来倡导他的想法的。

26. A。根据第二段最后一句“The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network...”可知，这部影片记录了野性网络组织的诞生。因此，charts在这里的意思是“记录”，与records同义。

27. C。整篇文章讲述了David Bond 通过制作纪录片《Project Wild Thing》来推广自然，鼓励孩子们走出户外，与自然接触。因此，一个合适的标题应该是“向孩子们推销自然”。故选C。

If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study

Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.

The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the doge simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”

"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Line Science.

At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.

28. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.

A. distinguish shapes

B. make sense of human faces

C. feel happy or angry

D. communicate with each other

29. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?

A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.

B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.

C. Pictures used in the two stages were different

D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.

30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. A suggestion for future studies.

B. A possible reason for the study findings.

C. A major limitation of the study

D. An explanation of the research method.

答案解析：

28. B。根据第一段最后一句“Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study”可知，一项新的研究表明，狗可能确实能够区分快乐和愤怒的人类面孔。因此，这项新研究关注的是狗是否能够理解人类的面孔。

29. C。根据第二段第四句“The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training.”可知，研究人员在测试阶段使用了与训练阶段完全不同的图像来展示人物脸部的另一半。因此，我们可以得知两个阶段使用的图片是不同的。

30. B。最后一段主要讲述了为什么狗似乎具备识别人类不同面部表情的能力。Muller认为最可能的解释是，这种能力的基础在于它们与人类生活在一起，这使它们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为它们提供了很多机会来学习区分不同的表情。因此，最后一段主要是关于研究发现的可能原因。

2021年北京卷

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.

Who can apply?

l You have completed your full-time university studies;or.

l You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.

l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements?

l You must be at least 20 years old.

l You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.

l You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.

l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.

l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.

What do you need to prepare?

l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.

l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.

l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

l motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected，you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful.

21. according to this passage，applicants are required to________.

A. hold a master's degree in science

B. have international work experience

C. be fluent in either English or French

D. present a letter from a technical institution

22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?

A. Limited medical insurance coverage.

B. Training in communication skills.

C. A medical certificate for work.

D. financial support for travel.

23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form?

A. contact UNESCO managers.B. Get access to the database.

C. Keep a motivation letter at hand.D. Work in a team for six months.

答案解析：

21. C. be fluent in either English or French。根据文章中的要求部分，申请者应该具有良好的英语或法语能力，选项C中的"be fluent in either English or French"与原文中的"have a good command of either English or French"相符。

22. A. Limited medical insurance coverage。文章中提到，UNESCO将为实习期间提供最多30,000美元的有限保险覆盖，选项A中的" Limited medical insurance coverage"与原文描述相符。

23. C. Keep a motivation letter at hand。根据文章中的准备事项列表，申请者在填写申请表之前应该准备好动机信，选项C中的"Keep a motivation letter at hand"与原文中的"have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form"相符。

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.

Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me.After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child.

The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.

In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten.With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.

24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?

A. It would affect his/her initial plans.

B. It would involve traveling overseas.

C It would not bring him/her a good grade.

D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.

25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?

A. Images of Iraqi children.B. research by his/her classmates.

C. A teacher's introduction.D. A representative's comments.

26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________..

A. become OIC volunteersB. further their education

C. study in foreign countriesD. influence other children

27. What can we conclude from this passage?

A. One's potential cannot always be underrated.

B. First impression cannot always be trusted.

C. Actions speak louder than words.

D. He who hesitates is lost.

答案解析：

24. D. It would not live up to his/her expectations。作者最初认为Operation Iraqi Children组织不会达到他/她的预期，这从第一段中的"My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind."可以看出。

25. A. Images of Iraqi children。作者在OIC网站上看到的伊拉克儿童的图片帮助他/她改变了对项目的态度，这从第二段中的"I saw pictures of the Iraqi children... that I joined this project without hesitation."可以看出。

26. B. further their education。通过项目，十名伊拉克儿童将能够继续他们的教育，这从最后一段中的"With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education."可以看出。

27. B. First impression cannot always be trusted。作者最初对项目的看法是负面的，但后来通过参与和了解，态度发生了改变，这说明第一印象并不总是可靠的。其他选项虽然可能是文章中的主题，但并不是从整篇文章中得出的结论。

Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.

The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.

The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.

“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,

Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)

In the incurable form of hope.

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”

28. What does the underlined word “germane” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Scientific.B. Credible.

C. Original.D. Relevant.

29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.

A. worriedB. puzzled

C. surprisedD. scared

30. What can we learn from this passage?

A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.

B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.

C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.

D. The global collapse is well underway.

答案解析：

28. D. Relevant。划线词"germane"在第三段中的意思是“相关的”，在这个上下文中，它指的是公众参与讨论全球崩溃的风险在当前疫情期间尤其相关。选项D中的"Relevant"与这个意思相符。

29. A. worried。作者对于公众对全球崩溃的意识表示担忧，这从文章的最后几段可以看出，作者提到了人们倾向于忽视即将到来的混乱的使者，并且希望事情会有好的结果，这表明作者担心公众可能不会认真对待全球崩溃的警告。

30. B 原文诗歌可知，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到，未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好，结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于掐灭不做准备的空有幻想，接着又借学者之口，提议，让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。可见，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。

Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.

Forget about time as an absolute.What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架)，and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

31 What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.

B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.

C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.

D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.

32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________.

A. present an assumptionB. evaluate an argument

C. highlight an experimentD. introduce an approach

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.

B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.

C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.

D. modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.

34. What can we infer from this passage?

A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.

B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.

C. We should live in harmony with nature.

D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.

答案解析：

31. B. 根据第一段最后一句可知，即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题，以及上文列举的哲学家St.Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。

32. D. introduce an approach. 第二段中作者提出了三个问题，这是为了引出一种新的时间观念，即与环境条件相关的时间观念。选项D中的"introduce an approach"与这个目的相符。

33. C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. 根据第三段，如果河流的平均流速变慢，原子时钟将会超过河流时间。选项C与这个描述相符。

34. C. We should live in harmony with nature. 整篇文章都在强调与自然和谐相处的重要性，特别是在提到阿拉斯加平均河流时间时，作者强调了这一点。选项C与文章的整体信息相符。其他选项虽然可能在文章中有提及，但不是文章的主要推论。

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高考英语阅读理解真题含答案解析（2019-2021）

高考英语阅读理解真题含答案解析（2019-2021）

高考英语阅读理解真题含答案解析（2019-2021）

高考英语阅读理解真题含答案解析（2019-2021）

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