2018年全国卷一
第二部分
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.
答案解析：
21. A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
解析：根据第一则广告中的"Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!"可知，樱花自行车游需要提前预定。
22. D. Enjoy interesting stories.
解析：根据第三则广告中的"Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks."可知，在首都城市自行车游中，你可以享受关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的有趣故事。
23. D. Safety lights.
解析：根据第四则广告中的"All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights."可知，夜间自行车游提供反光背心和安全灯。
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. provide some advice for the readers.
C. add some background information.
D. introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less
答案解析：
24. B. She has started a new programme.
解析：根据第一段中的"In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste..."可知，Susanna Reid开始了一个新的节目Save Money: Good Food。
25. C. He assists her in cooking matters.
解析：根据第二段中的"with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt"和"Matt makes them for 26p a portion"可知，Matt Tebbutt在烹饪方面帮助Susanna。
26. C. Add some background information.
解析：第四段提到了之前的节目Save Money: Good Health，这是在提供背景信息，说明Save Money: Good Food是继Save Money: Good Health之后的系列节目。
27. D. Cooking Well for Less
解析：文章主要讲述了Susanna Reid和Matt Tebbutt如何帮助家庭在预算内准备美味且营养的餐点，因此"Cooking Well for Less"(少花钱，做美食)是一个合适的标题。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?
A Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
答案解析：
28. B. They were large in number.
解析：根据第一段中的"Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them."可知，在狩猎采集时代，语言种类是相当多的。
29. C. Powerful.
解析：根据第二段中的"dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over"可知，这里提到的dominant languages是指那些越来越占据主导地位的语言，因此"powerful"(强大的)是最合适的解释。
30. B. About 3,400
解析：根据第三段中的"The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that."可知，目前大约有3400种语言的说话者人数少于6000人。
31. C. Human development results in fewer languages.
解析：整篇文章讲述了随着时间的推移，由于人类的发展(如农业、工业化、全球化等)，语言的种类在减少。因此，文章的主旨是人类的发展导致了语言的减少。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. according to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
答案解析：
32. A. They are environment-friendly.
解析：根据第一段中的"That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things."可知，新设备比旧设备更节能，因此对环境更友好。
33. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
解析：根据第二段中的"To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues...tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life"可知，Babbitt团队进行这项研究是为了找出这些设备的电力消耗。
34. B. The tablet.
解析：根据最后一段中的"more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%"可知，与电视和台式电脑相比，平板电脑在能源消耗上更少。
35. A. Stop using them.
解析：根据最后一段中的"So what's the solution?...if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function...They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%"可知，作者建议停止使用旧电子设备，并用多功能的新电子产品替代它们。
