2018年全国卷二
第二部 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.
Activity | Description | Member of staff | Cost |
Outdoor Adventure (OUT) | Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment. | Mr.Clemens | ￡140 |
WWⅠBattlefields and Paris (WBP) | On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰbattlefields. On day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. | Mrs. Wilson | ￡425 |
Crafty foxes (CRF) | Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushion and decorations… Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. | Mrs. Goode | ￡30 |
Potty about Potter (POT) | Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatly-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the university Parks, before heading back to Exeter. | Miss Drake | ￡150 |
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D.POT.
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London B. see a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days. B. Four days C. Five days D. One week.
答案解析：
21. A.根据Outdoor Adventure的描述中提到"wild camping on Dartmoor"，可知选择OUT活动可以体验露营。
22. D. 根据WWⅠBattlefields and Paris的描述中提到"Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰbattlefields"，星期二学生们将和Mrs. Wilson一起去参观第一次世界大战战场。
23. A. 根据Potty about Potter的描述，活动包括参观华纳兄弟工作室、在Streatly-on-Thames的青年旅舍过夜、参观牛津大学的电影拍摄地点等，虽然具体天数没有明确说明，但从描述的活动内容来看，可以推断这个活动持续两天。其他选项中的天数在文中没有提及。
B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
24. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine.
25. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. C. A travel brochure.
答案解析：
24. C. 根据文章第三段中的句子"As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care?"可知，作者认为樱桃非常美味，这表明作者喜欢樱桃的味道。
25. B. 根据文章第三段中的句子"If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown."可知，新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变黑，因此是为了保持香蕉的颜色。
26. D. 根据文章最后一段中的句子"If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit."以及接下来的描述，可以推断出"juicer"是一种机器，可以用来制作冰激凌。
27. B. 文章讨论了七月的水果，包括它们的营养价值和使用方法，这通常与健康杂志的内容相符。其他选项如生物教科书、研究论文和旅行手册，都不太可能包含这类具体的生活建议和食谱。
C
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a common Sense media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the common Sense media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A. In paragraph 2 B. In paragraph 3 C. In paragraph 4 D. In paragraph 5
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
答案解析：
28. A.根据文章第一段"Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday."可知，报告指出青少年和年幼的孩子为了乐趣而阅读的时间大幅减少，因此报告很可能是关于儿童的阅读习惯。
29. B.第三段提供了具体的数据，显示1984年到现在的13岁和17岁孩子中几乎不为了乐趣而阅读的比例分别从8%和9%上升到了22%和27%，这是支持“孩子们为了乐趣而阅读大幅减少”这一观点的最佳数据。
30. C.根据文章第五段"It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time."可知，许多父母限制电子阅读主要是出于对孩子增加屏幕时间的担忧，这暗示了可能对儿童健康有害。
31. A.根据文章第六段"The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading."可知，报告中最令人鼓舞的数据显示，父母在阅读方面为孩子树立了榜样并担任了重要的指导角色，因此父母应该通过作为榜样来鼓励孩子多阅读。
D
We’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It is possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness research Institute at Indian university Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. conversation Counts
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. uncomfortable Silence
答案解析：
32. C. 第一段描述了在电梯、银行排队或飞机上，人们专注于自己的智能手机，或者不舒服地沉默，这表明了陌生人之间缺乏交流的现象。
33. B. 根据第三段中Carducci的话"The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."可知，成功的小聊的关键是学习如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。
34. D. 根据第四段中Dunn的研究结果"The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience."可知，与服务员聊天的人报告了更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店体验，这表明小聊可以让人感觉良好。
35. C. 整篇文章讨论了小聊的重要性，以及它如何带来积极的社会和实践上的好处，因此最佳标题应该是“小聊的好处”。其他选项要么范围太窄，要么没有涵盖文章的主要内容。
