2018年全国卷三
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens | Gardens | |
Adults: | £12.00 | £8.00 |
Groups | £9 | £5.5 |
Special Events
Producers' Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes.
C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.
22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?
A. £12.00. B. £9.00. C. £8.0 D. £5.50
23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A. Producers’ Market. B. Holker Garden Festival.
C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market.
答案解析：
21. D 根据文章中"How to Get to Holker"部分的信息，从Manchester到Holker的大致行驶时间是1小时30分钟，即90分钟。因此，选项D是正确的。
22. B 根据文章中"Admission Charges"部分的信息，团体游客参观Hall & Gardens的费用是£9.00。因此，选项B是正确的。
23. D 根据文章中"Special Events"部分的信息，Winter Market活动中有现场音乐表演和街头娱乐。因此，如果想要看现场音乐表演，应该参加Winter Market。选项D是正确的。
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position.
D. Its favourable climate.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up.
D. Half of them died.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded.
B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter.
D. They were short of food.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
答案解析：
24. C 根据第一段的信息，城市通常因为某些地理优势而建立，比如附近的港口或河流。纽约市就是一个例子，它靠近哈德逊河河口的一个大港口。因此，吸引早期定居者到纽约市的是其地理位置。选项C是正确的。
25. B 根据第二段的信息，第一批在Dawson挖掘黄金的人中，大约有4,000人致富，而总共大约有20,000人参与了挖掘。计算得出，大约五分之一的人致富了。选项B是正确的。
26. B 根据第三段的信息，当Dawson依赖的黄金被发现完后，人们失去了兴趣，并且当他们在阿拉斯加听到有新的黄金发现时，他们迅速离开了Dawson。这表明许多人离开Dawson的主要原因是想去其他地方试试运气。选项B是正确的。
27. A 整篇文章讲述了Dawson这个城市的兴起和衰落，从发现黄金时的迅速增长到黄金耗尽后的衰退，以及现在成为旅游业的现状。因此，文章主要是关于一个城市的兴衰。选项A是正确的。
C
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. following the latest world trend
B. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D. relying on foreign architects
29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functions.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
答案解析：
28. B 根据第二段的信息，王澍赢得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，这通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。他成为第一个获此奖项的中国公民。这表明中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。选项B是正确的。
29.C 根据第四段的信息，许多访客对校园中复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到惊讶。这表明最让访客印象深刻的是校园的独特风格。选项C是正确的。
30. D 根据第六段和第七段的信息，王澍的作品因其将现代和传统中国元素相结合而吸引了大量关注。他的作品展示了现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的良好知识，通过这种平衡，他创造了一种新的中国建筑类型。这表明王澍的建筑设计成功的原因是新旧元素的和谐结合。选项D是正确的。
31. D 根据最后两段的信息，王澍认为传统不应该被封存在博物馆的玻璃盒子里，而应该在实际中重新创造。他强调，对传统的学习应该与实践相结合，否则对传统的再现将是人为的和空洞的。这表明根据王澍的观点，我们应该在实践中重新创造中国传统。选项D是正确的。
D
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl
C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother
34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A. To try out an idea
B. To show a parent’s love
C. To train his attention
D. To help him start a hobby
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving
答案解析：
32. A “more is more”这个短语在第一段中的意思是，当我们谈论孩子和他们的物品时，我们通常认为越多越好。选项A "The more, the better."(越多越好)与这个意思相符。
33. C 根据第二段的信息，Georgia同意卖掉一些她的物品是因为我们承诺将钱放入她的学校基金中。选项C "Adding the money to her fund"(将钱加入她的基金)是正确的。
34. A 根据第四段的信息，作者和他的儿子Shepherd玩球是为了测试他自己的理论，即用一个玩具就能让孩子保持兴趣。选项A "To try out an idea"(尝试一个想法)是正确的。
35. C 整篇文章讲述了作者如何帮助自己的孩子学会在拥有更少物品的情况下生活得更多，以及通过简化玩具和活动来提高生活质量的经验。因此，选项C "Live More with Less"(用更少的物品生活得更多)是一个合适的标题。
