2018年11月浙江卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答
题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The most welcome sight on a cold,wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a
London taxi cab approaching with its yellow "for hire" sign shining brightly. that shows it is
ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place
to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies."Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言)of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver's Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.
They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called "The Knowledge." It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day --in rush hour, a longer route(路线)may be quicker -- and describe the best way. moreover they must never forget the one-way streets!
21.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?
A.Their interest. B.Their manners.
C.Their speech. D.Their appearance.
22.What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie”in paragraph 2?
A. Passengers are full of curiosity.
B. Cabbies' topics are wide-ranging.
C. Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D .Londoners are friendly to each other.
23.What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"?
A.To qualify one to drive a taxi. B.To assess one's driving skills.
C.To test drivers' ability to write. D.To check taxi drivers' memory.
答案解析：
21. C 根据第一段中的描述，Cockneys是指出生在伦敦中心的人，他们讲一种特殊的英语方言。因此，我们可以通过他们的言语来判断某人是否是Cockney。
22. B 作者提到“Aunty Nellie”是为了说明出租车司机们喜欢交谈，话题范围广泛。这表明乘客和司机之间可以进行友好的对话，甚至包括司机家庭成员的话题。
23. A “The Knowledge”是一项资格考试，想要成为出租车司机的人必须通过这项考试来获得驾驶出租车的执照。考试内容涉及对伦敦街道和著名建筑的了解，以及在不同时间段选择最佳路线的能力。因此，其目的是为了证明某人具备驾驶出租车的资格。
B
This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands. But summer vacation hasn't always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.
In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors' concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.
But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.
24.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A.Enjoy a summer vacation.
B.Take a break each quarter.
C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D.Assist their parents with farm work.
25.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A.They introduced summer vacation.
B.They shortened rural school terms.
C.They promoted the study of farming.
D.They advocated higher pay for teachers.
26.Why are some people unhappy about the modem U.S.school year?
A.It pushes the teachers too hard. B.It reduces the quality of education.
C.It ignores science instruction. D.It includes no time for internships.
答案解析：
24. D 根据第一段中的描述，农村学校在Civil War之前采用的是夏季和冬季学期制，这让孩子们在春季种植和秋季收获季节有空闲帮助家里做农活。因此，农村学校日历允许孩子们帮助父母做农活。
25. A 根据第二段，19世纪40年代的教育改革者如Horace Mann出于对农村教育不足的担忧，决定合并两种日历，引入了暑假。因此，教育改革者在19世纪40年代引入了暑假。
26. B 根据最后一段，一些专家认为，20世纪初确立的愉快的但懒散的暑假是导致美国高中生的数学技能和毕业率在国际教育报告中排名低于平均水平的原因之一。这表明一些人不满现代美国学校年度的原因是它降低了教育的质量。
C
I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip;“The magic Mountain"in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes(册)，then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a loss. I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or“Tristram Shandy." There's always "War and Peace," which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War"part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone's name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite -once more into “The Waves”or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.
And then there's Stendhal's "The Red and the Black," which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail(鸡尾酒)of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory:“ I take whatever's fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid."The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids..…
27.What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph?
A.He has a cottage in New England. B.He shows talents for literature.
C.He enjoys reading when traveling. D.He admires a lot of great writers.
28.What do the underlined words “get bogged down”in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Get confused. B.Be carried away.
C.Be interrupted. D.Make no progress.
29.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?
A.He finishes them quickly. B.He should read something serious.
C.He barely understands them. D.He has read them many times before.
30.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The Books of Summer B.My Summer Holidays
C.To Read or Not to Read D.It's Never Too Late to Read
答案解析：
27. C 从第一段中，作者描述了在不同的地方阅读不同的经典书籍的经历，这表明他在旅行时喜欢阅读。他没有提到自己在新英格兰有别墅，也没有明确表示自己有文学天赋或崇拜许多伟大的作家，因此C选项是正确的。
28. D 第二段中提到的“get bogged down”意味着作者在阅读《战争与和平》的“战争”部分时遇到了困难，无法继续前进，因此进展停滞。这个词组在这里的意思是“进展缓慢或停滞”，所以D选项是正确的。
29. B 作者说重新阅读他最喜欢的书籍感觉像是在作弊，因为这太令人兴奋和有趣了，不应该算作严肃文学的阅读。这表明他认为自己应该阅读更严肃的文学作品，而不是仅仅为了乐趣而阅读，所以B选项是正确的。
30. A 整篇文章讲述了作者每个夏天选择阅读经典书籍的习惯和他对阅读这些书籍的感受。虽然文章中也提到了假期和鸡尾酒，但这些内容都是为了衬托作者对夏日阅读的体验。因此，最适合的标题应该是与夏日阅读相关的，A选项“夏日的书籍”最能概括文章的主题。
