2018全国1卷
第二部分
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.
答案解析：
21. A 根据第一段中的描述 "Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms disappear!" 可以推断出参加Cherry Blossom Bike Tour需要提前预订。其他选项中没有提到需要提前预订。
22. D 根据第三段中的描述 "Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks." 可以确定在Capital City Bike Tour中，游客将会享受有关总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的有趣故事。其他选项中没有提到会见名人、去国家公园或参观知名博物馆。
23. D 根据最后一段中的描述 "All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights." 可以确定夜间自行车游为游客提供了安全灯。其他选项中的城市地图、相机和餐食在文中并未提及作为夜间自行车游提供的内容。
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. provide some advice for the readers.
C. add some background information.
D. introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less
答案解析：
24. B 根据第一段中的描述 "she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget." 可以推断出Susanna Reid开始了她的新角色，即在一个新的节目中展示如何为家庭准备美味且营养的实惠餐点。选项A、C和D在文中没有提及。
25. C 根据第二段中的描述 "with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day." 可以确定Matt Tebbutt帮助Susanna在烹饪方面提供专业的建议和技巧。选项A、B和D在文中没有提及。26. C
第四段提到了之前的系列节目 "Save Money: Good Health"，这是在为当前的节目 "Save Money: Good Food" 添加背景信息，说明这个新节目是跟随着一个成功的系列节目。因此，作者在这一段意在添加背景信息。选项A、B和D不符合段落内容。
27. D 文章的主要内容是关于Susanna Reid和Matt Tebbutt如何帮助家庭在预算有限的情况下准备美味且营养的餐点。因此，"Cooking Well for Less" 最适合作为文章的标题，它概括了文章的主题。选项A、B和C虽然与食物相关，但不如选项D准确地反映了文章的核心内容。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?
A Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
答案解析：
28. B 根据第一段第二句 "small, tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other" 可知，狩猎采集时期的小群体发展出了自己独立的语言模式，这表明当时语言的数量很多。选项A、C和D没有在文中提及。
29. C 第二段中提到的 "dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese" 是指这些语言在全球范围内占据主导地位，因此 "dominant" 的意思应该是 "强大的"。选项A、B和D的含义与上下文不符。
30. B 根据第三段最后一句 "The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that" 可知，目前有大约3400种语言的说话者人数少于6000人。选项A、C和D的数字与文中信息不符。
31. C 文章主要讲述了随着时间的推移，由于农业、贸易、工业化、国家发展、全球化等因素，语言的数量在减少。因此，文章的主旨是人类的发展导致了语言的减少。选项A、B和D虽然与文章内容相关，但不是文章的主旨。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. according to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
答案解析：
32. A 根据第一段中的描述 "but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things." 可知，新设备比旧设备更节能，因此作者认为新设备对环境更友好。选项B、C和D与文中信息不符。
33. D 根据第二段中的描述 "To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life" 可知，Babbitt团队进行这项研究是为了找出这些设备的电力消耗。选项A、B和C不是研究的主要目的。
34. B 根据最后一段中的描述 "more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%" 可知，平板电脑相比电视和台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗，因此平板电脑使用的能源最少。选项A、C和D的设备在文中被提到是能源消耗较大的。
35. A 根据最后一段的建议 "more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%" 可知，文本建议人们停止使用旧电子设备，转而使用多功能的新电子产品，如平板电脑。选项B、C和D没有在文中提及作为解决方案。
